This chapter covers low-cost Jatropha curcas biofuel production, byproducts, and technical analysis. The chapter stresses Jatropha's sustainability and accessibility as a biofuel source. The easy and cost-effective method of planting, oil extraction, and transesterifying Jatropha seeds oil to biodiesel is described. Biotechnological approaches like tissue culture for plantlet generation show that Jatropha farming is simple and needs little money. Fuel emissions are lower due to its low sulphur content. The chapter also discusses using Jatropha oil for rural lighting, cooking, and diesel replacement in automobiles and agricultural machines. Oil extraction leftover seed cake residue may be used as an organic soil supplement or biogas fuel. This chapter shows Jatropha as a sustainable, cost-effective biofuel with many uses and advantages. It emphasizes the plant's sustainable energy generation and industrial and agricultural services for its byproducts.