The chapter, “Breeding with Plant Biotechnology,” discusses Jatropha breeding and the growing field of biofuel production employing plant biotechnology. Biofuels are a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels as renewable energy demand rises. Jatropha's drought resilience and capacity to flourish on damaged soils make it a promising biofuel crop. The chapter discusses plant biotechnology methods, notably in vitro tissue culture, to grow disease-free, high-quality Jatropha plants. These strategies include direct and indirect organogenesis, somatic embryogenesis, and growth regulators. Creating genetically identical plants optimized for biofuel generation is the goal. Benzyl adenine (BA) and Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) growth hormones help leaf, petiole, and shoot explants induce callus and regenerate shoots. In vitro, micropropagation is used to mass produce Jatropha to address biofuel demand. Glycerin and seed cake are valuable byproducts of this method, which produces biodiesel from Jatropha seed oil. It describes the tissue culture-based regeneration of Jatropha plants and their potential as renewable energy sources. As industrialization and commercialization are advancing, the undeniable use of energy to power up the machineries needs clean energy without creating any pollution to keep our environment clean. Consequently, utilizing green fuel is a practical and suitable option to recognize the competent and preferable feedstocks for biofuel production and to achieve its market value (Sunny in Organ Environ 34:619–633, 2021). Therefore, conventional feedstock cultivation alone will not be sufficient to meet the global need for producing bio-based energy from energy crops to produce fuel (Al Khayri et al in Plants 11(10):1292, 2022). In recent years, due to the increasing demand for biofuel, breeding programs for energy crops have been established in distinct countries, for instance, Brazil, India, Senegal, and Bangladesh (Divakara et al in Biol Genet Improv Jatropha curcas L Rev Appl Energy 87(3):732–742, 2010; Nahar and Borna in Asian J Biotechnol Bioresour Technol 2(3):1–8, 2010). This chapter will focus on Jatropha breeding technology for producing bioenergy through biotechnology. Raw Jatropha’s major market is beginning to open in the energy field, with the growth of Biodiesel and commercially used important byproducts. We can overcome this challenge by using elite varieties, developed with plant biotechnological methods to produce biodiesel through in vitro-generated plants of Jatropha, which will be an excellent substitute for pollution-free emissions. Plant tissue culture, also referred to as in vitro culture, is introduced as one of the most promising and environment-friendly methods for the sustainable supply of biofuels. The second-generation energy crop can live for many years and can produce huge amounts of seeds every year, from which biofuel can be easily produced, (Nahar in Cultivation of Jatropha curcas L. in Bangladesh: a sustainable solution to the energy, environmental and socioeconomic crisis. VDM Publisher, 2011; Nahar and Sunny in J Energy Nat Resour 3(4):51–57, 2014; Nahar and Sunny in Curr Environ Eng 3(1):18–31, 2016) and the propagation of the feedstock is an important bottleneck to this potential. Such volumes will assist in meeting the increasing demand for fuel. As noted in earlier chapters, the mentioned important non-food, perennial bioenergy crops, have been known as potential feedstock for the production of biofuel, producing seeds containing inedible oil, and to what extent it can supply fuel and meet the national energy demands can be estimated. Not only, does the plant not need arable lands and does not compete with food, but these energy crops can also be grown on degraded soils having low fertility and moisture, so they are drought-resistant crops and help in climate change adaptation as well as in mitigation by the production of environment-friendly fuel. In this context, in vitro regeneration of J. curcas plantlets through plant biotechnology as tissue culture techniques have been performed for mass clonal propagation mainly through organogenesis (Rajore and Batra, J Plant Biochem Biotechnol 14:73–75, 2005; Jha et al in Plant Biotechnol Rep 1(3):135–140, 2007; Kalimuthu et al in Plant Tissue Cult Biotechnol 17:137–147, 2007; Kumar and Reddy in Ind Crops Prod 39:62–68, 2012; Kumari et al Biol Plantarum 52:17–25, 2008; Nahar and Borna, ARPN J Sci Technol 3:38–42, 2013, Asian J Biotechnol Bioresour Technol 2(3):1–8, 2018) and partially it can be done from embryogenesis procedures. As an environment-friendly energy crop, the development of breeding and germplasm evaluation with improved and disease-resistant jatropha varieties including the delivery is a very important aspect to consider for commercial cultivation, and the use of biodiesel feedstock is being considered as a suitable alternative for limited fossil fuel reserves. By applying plant biotechnology, we can produce plants for commercial cultivation. Therefore, to produce an optimized protocol in vitro propagation of Jatropha curcas, plant regeneration by tissue culture technique would be a feasible alternative method for improving the quality and production of high-quality Jatropha plants that are free of any disease and pest, ensuring the maximum production potential of varieties that are genetically identical to the parent plant as well as to one another (Raven et al in Biology of plants, W.H Freeman and Company, New York, 1999). However, the explants are of utmost importance to selecting for the performance of the plant in vitro culture. There are several factors related to the explants, such as genotype, the origin of tissues, size of the plant including the shape of the mother tissues, which are responsible for the failure or success of in vitro morphogenesis (Ibáñez et al in Plants 9:897, 2020; Van Peer in Growing Jatropha: including propagation methods for Jatropha Curcas and production and use of Jatropha products, 2010). Besides the appropriate use of plant growth, a regulator in in vitro culture has the potential to make it more efficient (Sharma et al in Forests 14:1212, 2023). The present chapter shows a process to acquire biofuel from in vitro regeneration, which was achieved from different explants of the important bioenergy crop, Jatropha curcas.

Breeding with Plant Biotechnology

章节
发表日期：

2025年

查看全文

Kamrun Nahar

摘要

The chapter, “Breeding with Plant Biotechnology,” discusses Jatropha breeding and the growing field of biofuel production employing plant biotechnology. Biofuels are a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels as renewable energy demand rises. Jatropha's drought resilience and capacity to flourish on damaged soils make it a promising biofuel crop. The chapter discusses plant biotechnology methods, notably in vitro tissue culture, to grow disease-free, high-quality Jatropha plants. These strategies include direct and indirect organogenesis, somatic embryogenesis, and growth regulators. Creating genetically identical plants optimized for biofuel generation is the goal. Benzyl adenine (BA) and Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) growth hormones help leaf, petiole, and shoot explants induce callus and regenerate shoots. In vitro, micropropagation is used to mass produce Jatropha to address biofuel demand. Glycerin and seed cake are valuable byproducts of this method, which produces biodiesel from Jatropha seed oil. It describes the tissue culture-based regeneration of Jatropha plants and their potential as renewable energy sources. As industrialization and commercialization are advancing, the undeniable use of energy to power up the machineries needs clean energy without creating any pollution to keep our environment clean. Consequently, utilizing green fuel is a practical and suitable option to recognize the competent and preferable feedstocks for biofuel production and to achieve its market value (Sunny in Organ Environ 34:619–633, 2021). Therefore, conventional feedstock cultivation alone will not be sufficient to meet the global need for producing bio-based energy from energy crops to produce fuel (Al Khayri et al in Plants 11(10):1292, 2022). In recent years, due to the increasing demand for biofuel, breeding programs for energy crops have been established in distinct countries, for instance, Brazil, India, Senegal, and Bangladesh (Divakara et al in Biol Genet Improv Jatropha curcas L Rev Appl Energy 87(3):732–742, 2010; Nahar and Borna in Asian J Biotechnol Bioresour Technol 2(3):1–8, 2010). This chapter will focus on Jatropha breeding technology for producing bioenergy through biotechnology. Raw Jatropha’s major market is beginning to open in the energy field, with the growth of Biodiesel and commercially used important byproducts. We can overcome this challenge by using elite varieties, developed with plant biotechnological methods to produce biodiesel through in vitro-generated plants of Jatropha, which will be an excellent substitute for pollution-free emissions. Plant tissue culture, also referred to as in vitro culture, is introduced as one of the most promising and environment-friendly methods for the sustainable supply of biofuels. The second-generation energy crop can live for many years and can produce huge amounts of seeds every year, from which biofuel can be easily produced, (Nahar in Cultivation of Jatropha curcas L. in Bangladesh: a sustainable solution to the energy, environmental and socioeconomic crisis. VDM Publisher, 2011; Nahar and Sunny in J Energy Nat Resour 3(4):51–57, 2014; Nahar and Sunny in Curr Environ Eng 3(1):18–31, 2016) and the propagation of the feedstock is an important bottleneck to this potential. Such volumes will assist in meeting the increasing demand for fuel. As noted in earlier chapters, the mentioned important non-food, perennial bioenergy crops, have been known as potential feedstock for the production of biofuel, producing seeds containing inedible oil, and to what extent it can supply fuel and meet the national energy demands can be estimated. Not only, does the plant not need arable lands and does not compete with food, but these energy crops can also be grown on degraded soils having low fertility and moisture, so they are drought-resistant crops and help in climate change adaptation as well as in mitigation by the production of environment-friendly fuel. In this context, in vitro regeneration of J. curcas plantlets through plant biotechnology as tissue culture techniques have been performed for mass clonal propagation mainly through organogenesis (Rajore and Batra, J Plant Biochem Biotechnol 14:73–75, 2005; Jha et al in Plant Biotechnol Rep 1(3):135–140, 2007; Kalimuthu et al in Plant Tissue Cult Biotechnol 17:137–147, 2007; Kumar and Reddy in Ind Crops Prod 39:62–68, 2012; Kumari et al Biol Plantarum 52:17–25, 2008; Nahar and Borna, ARPN J Sci Technol 3:38–42, 2013, Asian J Biotechnol Bioresour Technol 2(3):1–8, 2018) and partially it can be done from embryogenesis procedures. As an environment-friendly energy crop, the development of breeding and germplasm evaluation with improved and disease-resistant jatropha varieties including the delivery is a very important aspect to consider for commercial cultivation, and the use of biodiesel feedstock is being considered as a suitable alternative for limited fossil fuel reserves. By applying plant biotechnology, we can produce plants for commercial cultivation. Therefore, to produce an optimized protocol in vitro propagation of Jatropha curcas, plant regeneration by tissue culture technique would be a feasible alternative method for improving the quality and production of high-quality Jatropha plants that are free of any disease and pest, ensuring the maximum production potential of varieties that are genetically identical to the parent plant as well as to one another (Raven et al in Biology of plants, W.H Freeman and Company, New York, 1999). However, the explants are of utmost importance to selecting for the performance of the plant in vitro culture. There are several factors related to the explants, such as genotype, the origin of tissues, size of the plant including the shape of the mother tissues, which are responsible for the failure or success of in vitro morphogenesis (Ibáñez et al in Plants 9:897, 2020; Van Peer in Growing Jatropha: including propagation methods for Jatropha Curcas and production and use of Jatropha products, 2010). Besides the appropriate use of plant growth, a regulator in in vitro culture has the potential to make it more efficient (Sharma et al in Forests 14:1212, 2023). The present chapter shows a process to acquire biofuel from in vitro regeneration, which was achieved from different explants of the important bioenergy crop, Jatropha curcas.