The chapter, “Jatropha Curcas Propagation Technologies: Breeding from Seedling, Stem Cutting, and Grafting,” discusses how to propagate this second-generation biodiesel fuel. Growing Jatropha is covered from seeding to transplanting, instant planting, stem cutting and grafting. The average life span is around 50 years and the plant grows 3–10 m and produces 4–7 kg of seeds. Female leaf-axil inflorescences of Jatropha have ovoid fruits. This chapter also discusses intercropping Jatropha with other plants for profitable, sustainable, and socially acceptable agroforestry. Pruning and particular approaches may boost fruit and seed development. Aphid control and bioinsecticides are explored. Manual and automated Jatropha fruit and seed harvesting, post-harvest oil extraction, and nutritional analysis conclude the chapter. This chapter's extensive study of Jatropha's agricultural application suggests bioenergy possibilities. Seedlings or other biotechnological propagation methods might be used to increase the global availability of jatropha, the sustainable source of 2G biodiesel feedstock species, and the total supply to create fuel. Several techniques, including direct seeding and transplanting, immediate planting (stem cutting), grafting, and tissue culture (Freitas and Barjona in Dissertation. Instituto de Agronomia e Veterinaria, Lisboa, 1906; Nahar and Borna in Asian J Biotechnol Bioresour Technol 2(3):1–8, 2013, ARPN J Sci Technol 3(1):38–42, 2018) are viable options for vegetative propagation and oil production in the plant. The time needed to harvest was shortened in half when cuttings were planted instead of germinating seeds or transplanting. However, this technique is rarely employed by most commercial growers since it does not result in a healthy tap root. Regarding vegetative development, biomass output, and oil content of seeds, sexual propagation by direct seedlings leads to genetic heterogeneity under varied climatic circumstances. This may be because Jatropha has not yet created a system for producing certified seed. Consequently, poor germination, which might include viability, can hinder the capacity to grow plants from seed. It's best to take cuttings from a mother plant at least four or five years old. Grafting reduces the time it takes for a plant to mature while breeding from cutting and tissue culture allows for rapid mass production of plantlets. However, stem/branch cutting or stem/branch antlers do not develop a true tap root, making them less drought and disease-resistant than those propagated from seeds or tissue culture.