Estimating Tissue Loading Outside the Lab Using Smart Garments

We developed an integrated network of wireless and wired sensors embedded in garments, enabling seamless acquisition of surface electromyography (EMG) and motion data in natural and built environments. A validated EMG informed neuromusculoskeletal model (NMSK) interpreted the data stream to estimate muscle forces and tendon strains. The multipurpose smart garment was tested on an athletic track and in a community gym to estimate Achilles tendon strain during running and walking, and hamstring muscle forces during gym exercises. For this individual, Average Achilles tendon strain increased from walking to running but was similar across different running speeds. All hamstring muscles produced peak force during a Romanian deadlift bar the semimembranosus which produced peak force during a Roman chair hold. The developed smart garment technology has potential application in injury prevention, sport medicine, neuro, and musculoskeletal rehabilitation.