The present chapter is an introduction to anthropometry as a science. It describes a terminological approach to this concept and specifies that it is based on the measurement of various dimensions of the human body, from basic measurements to skinfolds, girths, lengths and heights, and breadths and depths, using specialised scientific techniques. It explains that the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK) standardises the measurement protocol of these variables, offering certification courses for anthropometrists, and it details the structure and operation of the ISAK accreditation system. The evolution of anthropometry throughout history is also specified, covering the main milestones in relation to this discipline; as well as the evolution of the standardisation of the anthropometric technique, which culminates in the publication of the “International Protocol for Anthropometric Assessment” by ISAK, ensuring uniformity in measurements worldwide