Collectively, a significant number of pathological conditions affecting the teeth, oral soft tissues, salivary glands, and jawbones are characterised by the presence of inflammation. It is important, therefore, that students undertaking the study of oral histopathology have a good understanding of the light microscopic features of this process and an understanding of the dynamics of inflammatory processes. This chapter presents a brief overview of the histology of inflammation with a summary reference to underlying biological processes where relevant.