Non-odontogenic tumours of the jaw are a set of intra-osseous tumours of bone and other mesenchymal origin. Though not frequently encountered, they present as tumours of varying behaviour and unique histopathology. The bone tumours still need a good histopathological evaluation for diagnosis, but there is a paradigm shift in the evaluation of bone-related and primary bone sarcomas. Ewings sarcoma, lymphomas and multiple myelomas call for extensive immunohistochemical assessment for primary diagnosis, evaluation and prognosis. Genetic tests are also used for therapeutic integration. A good understanding of these tumours—clinically, histopathologically, and at the molecular level—is needed to diagnose and treat them. A detailed knowledge of tumour grading and staging becomes an integral part of establishing the treatment algorithm.