Study Background

The chapter provides context for the study and justifies the methods used for data collection and analysis. This research involved 160 hours of classroom observation and four rounds of anonymous online questionnaires from both teachers and students (over 2100 responses). The reader is familiarised with key terms used in the analysis, such as triadic dialogue (Initiation, Response, Feedback/Follow-up), conversational turn, mode-switching and student agency. Moreover, the chapter emphasises that the analysed data are pertinent, trustworthy, dependable and ethically obtained.