Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis
摘要
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is an uncommon benign tumor of the aerodigestive tract that primarily affects the larynx in both pediatric and adult populations. It derives from localized Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection and presents with wartlike growths in the airway, which can affect voice and airway patency. RRP is characterized as juvenile onset (before 12 years) or adult onset (after 12 years). Clinical manifestations include various nonspecific symptoms, such as hoarseness, cough, voice change, wheezing, stridor, and airway obstruction leading to respiratory failure. Papillomas manifest as single or multiple exophytic, pedunculated masses. While infrequent, RRP carries the risk of transforming into squamous cell carcinoma. Diagnosis is based on visualization of the lesions through laryngoscopy or bronchoscopy and biopsies. Computed tomography (CT) is a useful imaging tool. Histopathological examination confirms the diagnosis. Currently, there is no absolute cure for RRP; although adjuvant pharmacologic therapies exist, surgery remains the primary treatment approach. HPV vaccines might delay RRP recurrence and decrease its occurrence by preventing HPV transmission to infants.