Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma
摘要
Sinonasal inverted papilloma (SNIP) is a rare benign epithelial lesion of the epithelial tissue found in the sinonasal region, accounting for 0.4–7% of tumors in this area. It is more common in men, with a male-to-female ratio ranging from 2:1 to 5:1, and typically affects adults in their fifth to sixth decades of life. While the exact cause of inverted papilloma is not fully understood, viral infections, particularly human papilloma virus (HPV), are considered a major contributing factor. Other factors that may play a role include abnormalities in cell cycle regulation, angiogenic factors, environmental and occupational exposures, and chronic inflammation. SNIP usually originates from the Schneiderian sinonasal epithelium in the lateral nasal wall. Patients with inverted papilloma often experience nonspecific symptoms such as one-sided nasal blockage, nasal polyps, nosebleeds, excessive nasal discharge, and reduced sense of smell. SNIP is clinically significant due to its tendency to grow aggressively, high likelihood of recurrence, and potential to become cancerous. Diagnosis is based on the patient’s medical history, physical examination, and imaging studies, with confirmation achieved through biopsy and histological examination of the lesion. Currently, endoscopic treatment methods are considered the preferred approach, as they have shown lower recurrence rates compared to external approaches.