Cochlear implants (CIs) are surgically implanted devices used to rehabilitate hearing in patients with severe to profound hearing loss. They have the potential to restore to near-normal hearing thresholds. Children born with profound hearing loss have much better outcomes in terms of speech and language development if they undergo cochlear implantation within the first year of life. CIs devices are composed of three parts: a microphone and sound processor that are externally worn, which detect and process sound into electronic format; a transmitter coil, which sends information transcutaneously to the internal receiver; and an internal electrode array, which transmits electrical pulses to stimulate the cochlear nerve. The candidacy for cochlear implantation varies internationally, and it has expanded in recent years. Children undergo a multidisciplinary assessment their speech, language, and listening skills according to their age, cognitive ability, and developmental stage. Cochlear implantation surgery is carried out under general anaesthetic and in some cases, such as congenitally deaf children, simultaneous bilateral implants can be inserted. The surgical steps include a cortical mastoidectomy, posterior tympanotomy, identification of the round window and insertion of the electrode array. Audiological rehabilitation with regular audiology input starts weeks after surgery.