In today’s business environment, where global economic changes and societal challenges are setting new standards, the concept of sustainability is omnipresent and crucial for the success of companies. Especially in the energy sector, which plays a key role in driving economic growth while facing serious environmental challenges, sustainability is becoming a must. This paper examines the main topics of sustainability research in the energy sector and defines the current research gaps as well as the main characteristics of sustainability in the energy sector. For this purpose, a bibliometric analysis and a literature review of articles from the Scopus database from 2013 to 2023 were conducted. The VOSViewer software was used for this purpose. The results of the analysis are eight main topic areas with detailed recommendations for future research on sustainability in the energy sector. Categorizing these recommendations allows researchers to identify key topics and priorities and focus their efforts on the areas with the greatest potential for progress.