Worldwide including India, berseem and lucerne are crucial legume fodder crops. Conducting research on the physical characteristics of the seeds is crucial prior to designing and constructing effective seed drills and processing machines for these crops. In the laboratory, the physical properties of the seeds were studied in terms of size, shape, thousand-grain weight (TGW), true density, bulk density, angle of repose, and coefficient of static friction. The berseem had an average size of 2.30 mm in length, 1.63 mm in width, 1.30 mm in thickness, and 1.69 mm in geometric mean diameter, as well as 2.52 mm, 1.44 mm, 0.88 mm, and 1.47 mm, respectively, for lucerne seeds. The berseem seed had a higher geometric mean diameter of 1.69 mm, followed by the lucerne seed with 1.47 mm. The roundness and sphericity of berseem and lucerne seeds were 0.74%, 0.7%, and 0.59%, 0.42%, respectively. In terms of thousand-grain weight, bulk density, and true density, berseem seeds had values of 2.60 g, 813.94 kgm−3, and 810.65 kgm−3, while lucerne seeds had values of 2.93 g, 779.50 kgm−3, and 827.30 kgm−3, respectively. The static coefficient of friction and angle of repose, on the surface of the mild steel plate, the berseem seeds were 0.35, and 19.15°, whereas the lucerne seeds were 0.59 and 20.31°, respectively. The physical properties of these fodder crops will be used as a technical data input for the designing and developing of suitable technologies such as seeders, harvesters, threshers, seed cleaners, seed graders, sorter machines, and postharvest technologies.