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Unceasing synthetic pesticides application in agriculture causes pesticidal residues accumulation in the environment, which needs alternative solutions like plant extract oils that possess anti-pest properties. Therefore, this research aimed to formulate, extract, and characterize biopesticides from birbira (Milletia ferruginea) seed and neem (Azadirachta Indica) leaf. Raw materials were collected, prepared, and stored for further processes. Then, the biopesticide was extracted at varying times (3, 4, and 5 h) and mixing ratios (R1 (1:1), (R2 (2:1), (R3 (1:2), Birbira seed to neem leaf powder) with solvent (ethanol) in Soxhlet extraction followed by steam distillation. Next, the product was collected and characterized with PH values, specific gravity (SG), yield, thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), phenolic content, flavonoid content and efficacy of biopesticide. The results were found as 5.6 ± 0.25PH, 0.95 ± 0.017 SG, 34 ± 6.13% yield (azadirachtin, rotenone, amino acid, and nimbin) TLC identified (carboxylic acids, free amino acids, phenolics, organic acids, aromatics (flavonoids) and phenols), FTIR identified, 170 ± 0.36 mg GAE/g dry extract phenol content, 72.2 ± 0.65 mg QE/g dry extract flavonoid content and 97% mortality rate of 75% w/v extracted oil in 85 min. These results were found from R2 formulation and 4 h extraction time. Therefore, this product showed that both birbira seed and neem leaf can be used to extract organic biopesticide.

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Formulation, Extraction, and Characterization of Biopesticides from Birbira (Milletia ferruginea) Seed and Neem (Azadirachta indica) Leaf

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Mequanint Demeke Aynalem,
  • Surafel Aregahegn Agdew,
  • Ayalneh Adnew Alemayehu,
  • Menber Berihun Nigatu,
  • Addisu Getahun Adugna,
  • Asmare Tezera Admassie,
  • Kindie Bitew Worku,
  • Alebel Abebaw Teshager

摘要

Unceasing synthetic pesticides application in agriculture causes pesticidal residues accumulation in the environment, which needs alternative solutions like plant extract oils that possess anti-pest properties. Therefore, this research aimed to formulate, extract, and characterize biopesticides from birbira (Milletia ferruginea) seed and neem (Azadirachta Indica) leaf. Raw materials were collected, prepared, and stored for further processes. Then, the biopesticide was extracted at varying times (3, 4, and 5 h) and mixing ratios (R1 (1:1), (R2 (2:1), (R3 (1:2), Birbira seed to neem leaf powder) with solvent (ethanol) in Soxhlet extraction followed by steam distillation. Next, the product was collected and characterized with PH values, specific gravity (SG), yield, thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), phenolic content, flavonoid content and efficacy of biopesticide. The results were found as 5.6 ± 0.25PH, 0.95 ± 0.017 SG, 34 ± 6.13% yield (azadirachtin, rotenone, amino acid, and nimbin) TLC identified (carboxylic acids, free amino acids, phenolics, organic acids, aromatics (flavonoids) and phenols), FTIR identified, 170 ± 0.36 mg GAE/g dry extract phenol content, 72.2 ± 0.65 mg QE/g dry extract flavonoid content and 97% mortality rate of 75% w/v extracted oil in 85 min. These results were found from R2 formulation and 4 h extraction time. Therefore, this product showed that both birbira seed and neem leaf can be used to extract organic biopesticide.