With the growth and development of the Internet and information technology, traditional methods of management and operation have been replaced with electronic ones, creating new chances and strategic possibilities. Although several literature reviews have been conducted in the past on the e-supply chain management, literature review aiming to synthesize the benefits and barriers of electronic supply chain management (E-SCM) in developing countries is not available. This study aims to present a systematic literature review on E-SCM in developing countries to apprehend benefits and challenges, main determinants of e-commerce adoption in developing countries, cognize gaps, and advocate future research directions. To guarantee a replicable, rigorous, and transparent research process, the authors used a systematic literature review methodology to synthesize the research. Primary determinants of e-commerce adoption in developing countries are identified and grouped into two macro groups: organizational E-readiness and external E-readiness. Awareness, resources, commitment, and governance are shown to be organizational E-readiness elements, whereas external E-readiness determinants include government E-readiness, market force readiness, supporting industry readiness, and curiosity. Furthermore, the review identified the benefits and barriers of e-supply chain in developing countries, as well as future research directions.