Contaminant specifically pharmaceutical and personal care products-(PPCPs), present substantial health and safety risks in diverse water bodies, spanning wastewater, surface-water, ground-water, and drinking-water. The enduring presence of PPCPs, their capacity to accumulate in organisms, and their potential to induce physiological effects even at minute concentrations (~0.04 μg L–1) underscore the need for immediate attention. Recent studies underscore the detrimental impacts of PPCPs on various life forms, underscoring the urgency of addressing these concerns. Traditional water treatment facilities often prove insufficient in completely eradicating PPCPs from polluted water, driving a critical demand for advanced water treatment methods capable of thoroughly eliminating these contaminants. Within contemporary water treatment approaches, nanocomposites have emerged as a subject of significant interest due to their outstanding solubility, stability, and biocompatibility. Their application spans various water treatment techniques, including adsorption, advanced oxidative processes (AOPs), and membrane filtration. This chapter endeavors to offer a comprehensive overview of diverse PPCPs and their associated effects. Additionally, it will succinctly outline progress in technology for removing PPCPs, followed by an in-depth examination of their elimination through advanced materials and AOPs. The objective of the chapter is to consolidate valuable insights into the application of innovative nanotechnology in the realm of wastewater management.