Behçet’s disease (BD) is a chronic, multifactorial, and systemic condition that progresses in the form of inflammatory attacks. Although BD can be seen all over the world, it is more common in the Middle East, the Far East, and countries around the Mediterranean. In the past, the disease was called “Silk Road” disease, referring to the areas where the disease was seen, but the disease is common over a wider area now. Türkiye has the highest prevalence of BD. Although BD affects both men and women equally, it tends to be more severe in young men. Current evidence strongly suggests that genetic factors play a crucial role in predisposition to BD. While the prevalence of the HLA-B51 antigen is 20–25% in the normal population and 50–80% in BD patients in countries on the historical “Silk Road,” these rates are 2–8% and 15%, respectively, in countries where BD is rare. The clinical manifestations of BD can vary depending on the geographical region. While less eye involvement and vascular involvement have been reported in Türkiye and Japan, gastrointestinal involvement is more common in Japan and Korea than in other countries.