Orbital Retinoblastoma: Diagnosis and Management

Orbital retinoblastoma is a potentially fatal disease. It is more prevalent in the developing world, where delays in presentation and lack of access to healthcare contribute to poor survival rates. However, with the evolution of multi-modal therapy, the prognosis for survival has improved significantly. The current treatment protocols use a combination of high-dose systemic chemotherapy followed by appropriate surgery, radiotherapy, and adjuvant chemotherapy. This chapter discusses in detail the clinical spectrum of orbital retinoblastoma, classification and subtypes, evaluation and investigations, strategies for management, and future perspectives.