According to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), carbon sinks need to be improved to gradually reduce the impacts of global warming by achieving and maintaining carbon neutrality. Studies indicated that the Himalayan subalpine, alpine and temperate forests are vulnerable to climate change. In the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR), mountainous communities rely on forests and forest-based resources for their daily needs. However, increasing anthropogenic activities are changing the land use pattern of the region. In this connection, development of sustainable land-use practices that ensure several ecological services and reduce pressure on the forest are requisite. The present study advocates the role of bamboo and agroforestry in carbon sequestration and adaptability of bamboo-based agroforestry as sustainable land use options which can play a significant role in climate change mitigation. Through the Scopus databases, we conducted a systematic review of papers using the PRISMA method. A total of 73 research documents of Scopus database consisted of 55 (81%) research articles were analysed. It was found that bamboo-based agroforestry increases the growth of bamboo, yield of crops, physiochemical properties, and above-ground biomass in degraded agricultural lands. However, in some studies, the growth rate was not significant due to different factors like spacing, canopy of bamboo, etc. Considering the carbon sequestration potential of the bamboo species and its adaptability as an agroforestry element, the bamboo-based agroforestry system needs to be investigated scientifically so that it can be taken into consideration as a viable nature-based solution for livelihood and climate change mitigation strategies for IHR.