The conclusion of this book synthesizes the role of the state and business actors in shaping lithium policies across Latin America, focusing on Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia. It highlights the resurgence of state-led industrial policies in the lithium sector amid shifting political landscapes but with varied outcomes. While Chile has advanced the lithium value chain, Argentina remains limited to regulatory efforts, and Bolivia struggles with state capacity. Political transitions and business influence further complicate policy implementation. The chapter argues that understanding the intersection of state and business power is key to explaining the evolution of lithium industrial policies and proposes an integrated theoretical framework to capture these dynamics.