This chapter investigates the role of business actors in Chile’s lithium policy, emphasizing their influence during the policy implementation phase. Initially excluded from policy discussions, business actors increasingly engaged in resistance strategies to shape policy outcomes. It analyzes how these actors employed both instrumental and structural power to affect key policy measures. The first section examines instrumental power through contract breaches by SQM and Albemarle, legal disputes with CORFO, and the problematic bidding process for the Clean Technologies Institute (ITL). It illustrates how business actors used lobbying and other strategies to safeguard their interests. The second part discusses structural power, highlighting how established lithium companies built long-term advantages. The third section reviews the impact of business preferences on state-business dynamics, considering recent developments under Gabriel Boric’s administration. The chapter argues that despite the state’s significant resources and institutional efforts, the strategic resistance of business actors has significantly hindered effective policy enforcement. It underscores the complex and evolving relationship between state and business in Chile’s lithium sector.