The cobalt blues, cobalt sources and their mining, European, Middle Eastern and Chinese origins of cobalt blue pigments on porcelains from analytical studies and presence of minor components such as manganese, bismuth, zinc and arsenic. Extraction of cobalt from mined ores. Smalt, zaffre, natural and synthetic ultramarine. Modern equivalents.

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Cobalt Blues, Smalts

  • Howell G. M. Edwards,
  • Philippe Colomban

摘要

The cobalt blues, cobalt sources and their mining, European, Middle Eastern and Chinese origins of cobalt blue pigments on porcelains from analytical studies and presence of minor components such as manganese, bismuth, zinc and arsenic. Extraction of cobalt from mined ores. Smalt, zaffre, natural and synthetic ultramarine. Modern equivalents.