Environmental archaeology (EA) has traditionally comprised the study of animal bones and plant remains. Three new methods—the analysis of lipids from ceramics, stable isotopes from human and animal bone, and aDNA—have recently been added. The history of EA shows that the discipline as a whole works best when specializations such as EA are closely integrated, less well when the specializations are more isolated. The implications of this for the integration of studies of lipids, stable isotopes, and DNA into archaeology are critically reviewed; DNA has been less successfully integrated than the other two.