Information transmission through light has attained significant advancements in the fields of both optical fiber communication (OFC) and optical wireless communication (OWC) systems. These advancements have been examined by numerous researchers by employing pioneering modulation schemes, adaptive optics, advanced signal processing algorithms, advancement in materials, and employing sophisticated network architectures for wide variety of applications such as: military; defense; healthcare; satellite; internet of things; and telecommunications. However, the primary factors which affecting the OFC systems are signal attenuation, dispersion, reliability, robustness, and security even though there exists a predominant development. In addition, atmospheric attenuation (due to absorption and scattering), turbulences, climate conditions (fog, rain, snow, dense fog etc,.), alignment and tracking, interference, range constraints, and security are the major challenges in OWC systems in spite of having advanced approaches from past few decades. Hence, these challenges are need to be addressed in order to achieve reliable and high-speed data transmission. This could be possible with the integration of OFC and OWC with emerging quantum communication technologies (quantum key distribution, quantum entanglement, quantum repeaters, quantum sensing, and quantum secured OWC links). Therefore, this work presents the recent advancements in the fields of OFC and OWC systems with the state-of-art-of techniques and approaches. The primary research challenges related to security, speed, range, capacity and adaptability of both OWC and OFC are outlined. In addition, the possible integration of these systems with quantum communication technologies and the recent progression have been outlined. Finally, the possibility of future research direction towards the quantum OFC, quantum OWC have been discussed for ensuring and revealing the full potential of quantum enhanced optical communication systems.