The increased use of diverse plastic products that results from high living standards and a modern way of life eventually leads to a rise in the production of plastic garbage in the environment. Microplastics (MPs) are a broad group of pollutants with a variety of morphologies, sizes, and aesthetic characteristics. They are made up of a variety of constituent polymers that have had variable amounts of additives and sorbed pollutants added to them. This review paper thoroughly examines how MPs are identified based on morphological characters, classification based on microscopic characters, its main sources and degradation in the environment, their degrees of toxicity and pollution, and challenges in controlling MPs along with potential effects on human health. In addition, we have reviewed how MPs are obtained from various sources which includes emissions from industries, synthetic textile sector, decomposing litter, fishing grounds, ocean debris, agricultural practices and tourist destinations. In addition, other water pollutants, such as dyes, heavy metals, and other chemicals, have been observed to adhere readily to MPs, and so these MPs serve as a transporter of many other pollutants in the bodies of aquatic species. This review paper includes also how MPs can cause certain issues in human body by affecting various systems like digestive system. reproductive system, respiratory, immune system and endocrine system.