Depending on the parent material, terrain morphology, underground water level, and age of the soils, 13 soil units FAO-UNESCO (1974) with different “phases” were found in the investigated region. According to the WRB = “World Reference Base for soil resources” (ISSS, ISRIC, FAO in World Reference Base for Soil Resources, 1998), 54 soil units have been identified. In the WRB of 1998 compared to FAO-1974, the desert soils (Yermosols), Lithosols, and SolonchaksSolonchaks have been entirely redefined or redesignated. All three soil units are very common in the investigated region. Orthic SolonchaksSolonchaks, Lithosols, Cambic Arenosols, Haplic Yermosols, Eutric Regosols, and Calcic Yermosols are the most common soil units. Chromic Vertisols are also widespread in the oases. Outside of the irrigated areas, Vertisols are relict, as they are partly heavily eroded. Gleyic Solonchaks out of aeolian sandAeolian sand are found on a slope at the water hole from Bir NakhlaBir Nakhla. In areas with high groundwater level where tamarisks stand, the extremely high dryness of the topsoil leads to the accumulation of plant residues, which form organic mounds of several meters’ height (Histosol-like). These organic hills are limited to small areas at the birs. The orthic Solonchaks are divided into four variants: lithogenic Orthic Solonchak, atmogenic Orthic Solonchak, phreatic Orthic Solonchak, and biogenic Orthic Solonchak.