Soil bioremediation is the essential solution to the soil pollution that is affecting the human health, ecosystem and biodiversity. The conventional methods used so far to address this problem can only remove the contaminants but are not effective in complete destruction of the hazardous contaminants. Moreover, the conventional procedures are laborious, expensive and time consuming. Recent advances in genetic engineering have evolved alternative, environment friendly and cost-effective methods of soil bioremediation. Oil spills, xenobiotics, heavy metals, non-degradable plastic pollutants, toluene, trichloroethylene, xylenes, naphthalene etc. are the main soil pollutants. The genetically engineered microbes and transgenic plants can either mobilize or degrade these contaminants and are found to be useful in decontamination of polluted land sites. Genetically engineered plants and microbes can together in a symbiotic manner be useful in bioremediation of contaminated soil. This chapter includes the most utilized bioengineering approaches like mega nucleases, Transcription Activators-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENS), Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFN) and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-Cas associated nucleases to improve the biological mechanism of plants and microbes that are useful in soil bioremediation.