Advancements in multimodal treatment strategies for childhood cancers have resulted in increasing numbers of survivors. There has been growing evidence that most childhood cancer survivors will experience cancer and/or treatment-related adverse effects, often referred to as “late effects,” at some point during their lives. These late effects comprise systemic (organ) toxicities, cognitive and psychosocial health issues, and risk of subsequent malignancies in the later years. Recent risk-stratified therapeutic approaches are focusing on eliminating or reducing exposure to specific interventions with known late effects. The care of the child diagnosed with cancer doesn’t end at the completion of therapy; rather it is strongly recommended that childhood cancer survivors must continue to get access to the best available surveillance. Detecting and managing late effects are essential in achieving the ultimate goal of improving their quality of life. This chapter provides guidance on comprehensive risk-based, exposure-related recommendations for screening and management of treatment-related late effects based on the latest evidence and/or expert guidance.