Pediatric interventional oncology is a distinct and growing subspecialty of pediatric interventional radiology that uses imaging methods such as ultrasound, fluoroscopy, and computed tomography to perform minimally invasive procedures in children with cancer. These procedures include biopsy, tumor localization, vascular access, thermal ablation, transarterial chemoembolization, transarterial radioembolization with yttrium-90, non-tunneled/tunneled drainage catheter placement, and lymphatic interventions. This chapter describes the current status and future potential for each of these methods in the diagnosis and treatment of childhood cancer.