Pediatric thyroid disorders are a rare occurrence, with pediatric thyroid cancer being less common than benign disorders. Nevertheless, as the thyroid controls a wide variety of functions throughout the body, it is important to understand the various conditions that can impact the thyroid function in children and the various treatments available. This chapter will focus on describing the various thyroid disorders that can occur in children, define the diagnostic testing that is indicated depending on the presentation, and describe the available treatments.