A measurement of the dijet production cross section is reported based on an integrated luminosity of \(36.3{\textrm{fb}^{-1}}\) of proton–proton collision data collected in 2016 at \(\sqrt{s} = 13\,\textrm{TeV}\) by the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. Jets are reconstructed with the anti-k \(_{\text {T}}\) algorithm using distance parameters of \(R = 0.4\) and \(R = 0.8\) and differential cross sections are measured as a function of the kinematic properties of the two jets with largest transverse momenta \(p_T\) . Double-differential (2D) measurements are presented as a function of the largest absolute rapidity \(|y|_{max}\) of the two jets and the dijet invariant mass \(m_{1,2}\) . Triple-differential (3D) measurements are presented as a function of the dijet rapidity separation \(y^*\) , the total boost \(y_b\) of the dijet system, and either \(m_{1,2}\) or the average dijet transverse momentum \(\langle p_T\rangle _{1,2}\) as the third variable. The measured cross sections are unfolded in order to correct for detector effects and are compared with fixed-order calculations derived at next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbative quantum chromodynamics. The impact of the 2D and 3D measurements on the determination of the parton distribution functions is investigated. The inclusion of the 2D cross sections leads to a more precise determination of the strong coupling constant ( \(\alpha _S\) ), which is measured to be \(\alpha _S(m_Z) = 0.1179 \pm 0.0019\) .