The fusion of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) into agriculture and food processing represents a transformative shift in the industry, enhancing efficiency, productivity, and sustainability. In agriculture, AI and ML technologies help towards optimization of usage of resources that includes water, fertilizers, and pesticides, through predictive analytics and real-time monitoring. Innovations such as autonomous vehicles, drones, and robotic systems are revolutionizing planting, harvesting, and crop management practices. Similarly, in food processing, AI and ML facilitate real-time quality assessment and control, leveraging advancements in remote sensing, computer vision, and data analytics to ensure product consistency and safety. The merging of these technologies addresses not only the traditional challenges but also drives new opportunities for precision and innovation across the agricultural and food processing sectors. This chapter explores the multifaceted impact of AI and ML on food and agriculture, examining its applications and potential benefits, while acknowledging the issues and concerns that must be considered and need to be resolved.