Bees are a crucial group of insects for terrestrial ecosystem functioning, but numerous threats from human activities challenge their conservation. Knowledge of the spatial distribution of bees is key to proposing efficient strategies for their conservation. In this chapter, we propose a synthesis of the biogeography of the European bee fauna. We describe how species diversity is distributed across the continent, with a strong positive north–south gradient. We provide maps of a set of species to exemplify the most common types of distribution for bees in Europe. We continue this chapter by moving from Northern Europe to Southern Europe and present the main characteristics of bee communities in the different major European biomes in relation to their flora. Finally, we give some perspectives to further improve our knowledge of European bee biogeography.