Decarbonization: Direction to the Sustainable Future in Industries

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the primary greenhouse gases contributing to the enhancement of the greenhouse gas effect and global warming. Major sources of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions that significantly contribute to CO2 release into the atmosphere include: the use of energy from coal, oil, and natural gas, which generates large amounts of CO2 through the combustion of hydrocarbons for energy production; the use of vehicles, airplanes, ships, and other forms of transportation running on fuel; industrial processes such as cement and iron production; deforestation, which serves as crucial CO2 absorbers, and more. To reduce CO2 emissions and limit global warming, society is exploring avenues such as the use of cleaner energy sources, energy-efficient technologies, and the development of green technologies and sustainable production methods. As a result, greenhouse gas emissions lead to global warming and other climate changes. Decarbonization has become a crucial task for modern society in the context of climate change and sustainable development, aiming to reduce these emissions to mitigate negative consequences. The authors of this section explore decarbonization strategies and innovative approaches in various sectors of the economy and industry, investigating ways to reduce carbon emissions in the energy sector, transportation, agriculture, and other areas. The chapter explores key aspects of decarbonization, such as the use of renewable energy sources, energy efficiency, green mobility technologies, and other initiatives. In particular, attention is focused on the need for international cooperation and technology development to effectively implement decarbonization strategies. The authors also highlight the importance of implementing political and economic instruments to incentivize the transition to low-carbon technologies and practices. The overall goal of the research is to provide a comprehensive overview of the opportunities and challenges associated with decarbonization, emphasizing the role of collaborative efforts across various sectors in achieving a sustainable future.