Side spalling of pillar (SSP) is a major hazard in the Bord and Pillar mining method. It is the phenomenon where the coal pillar partially fractures along its sidewalls, generally, due to high amount of mining-induced stresses by large overhang of roof in the goaf and in-situ stresses at deeper cover (>300 m). Sometimes, the coal fragments dislodge/separate from the pillar thereby reducing its size and competency. This can lead to the collapse of a pillar in a Bord and Pillar panel inviting goaf encroachment, which can cause loss of coal reserves and serious injuries or death to miners. There are a number of factors that can contribute to side spalling. However, SSP can be prevented by taking some necessary precautions. Review finds that SSP is, generally, experienced when working is lying at a depth greater than 300 m under massive and difficult caveable roof. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms and factors affecting SSP in underground coal mines, as well as review various mitigation strategies from the available literatures for the safe and efficient working in Indian underground coal mines.