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In open-pit coal mining, the failure of in-pit overburden dumps can trigger hazardous debris flows, posing significant safety risks to personnel and equipment near the active working face. To enhance safety and mitigate unforeseen failures, the establishment of a buffer zone around the in-pit dumps is crucial, aimed at restricting or preventing worker and machinery movement. The extent of this buffer zone hinges on the mobility of the failing mass, quantified through runout characteristics, particularly runout length. While pre-failure deformations have been extensively studied, comprehensive post-failure land-slide runout analyses have only recently gained attention due to an increasing number of waste dump failure events. The absence of a universally applicable constitutive law for characterizing the inherent heterogeneity of overburden (OB) dumps, combined with the dearth of field data on slope failures in the Indian geo-mining context, underscores the significance of employing physical modeling using a flow flume as a viable alternative. It is important to clarify that the objective of these experiments is not to precisely replicate waste dump failures but to abstract and simplify them for systematic study. This approach allows for the controlled exploration of critical factors affecting runout, despite the inherent complexity of real-world scenarios. In light of these considerations, this study employs a recently developed laboratory-scale debris flow flume to examine the impact of dump material gradation and composition on runout characteristics. The experimental findings reveal that increasing the water content of the debris mix does not consistently enhance mobility or increase runout distance. Notably, raising the water content from 0% to 10% has no discernible effect on runout length, but a significant change occurs when the water content is increased to 20%. A critical observation is that the influence of water content becomes negligible when the debris mix lacks sufficient fine particles. Based on this study, the most critical condition is one characterized by a fine-to-coarse (F/C) ratio of 0.6 and a water content of 20% (by mass).

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Guidelines for Establishing Safety Buffer Zones Around in-Pit Dumps to Mitigate Overburden Dump Slope Failure Hazards

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • A. Tiwari,
  • B. B. Mandal,
  • K. Pathak

摘要

In open-pit coal mining, the failure of in-pit overburden dumps can trigger hazardous debris flows, posing significant safety risks to personnel and equipment near the active working face. To enhance safety and mitigate unforeseen failures, the establishment of a buffer zone around the in-pit dumps is crucial, aimed at restricting or preventing worker and machinery movement. The extent of this buffer zone hinges on the mobility of the failing mass, quantified through runout characteristics, particularly runout length. While pre-failure deformations have been extensively studied, comprehensive post-failure land-slide runout analyses have only recently gained attention due to an increasing number of waste dump failure events. The absence of a universally applicable constitutive law for characterizing the inherent heterogeneity of overburden (OB) dumps, combined with the dearth of field data on slope failures in the Indian geo-mining context, underscores the significance of employing physical modeling using a flow flume as a viable alternative. It is important to clarify that the objective of these experiments is not to precisely replicate waste dump failures but to abstract and simplify them for systematic study. This approach allows for the controlled exploration of critical factors affecting runout, despite the inherent complexity of real-world scenarios. In light of these considerations, this study employs a recently developed laboratory-scale debris flow flume to examine the impact of dump material gradation and composition on runout characteristics. The experimental findings reveal that increasing the water content of the debris mix does not consistently enhance mobility or increase runout distance. Notably, raising the water content from 0% to 10% has no discernible effect on runout length, but a significant change occurs when the water content is increased to 20%. A critical observation is that the influence of water content becomes negligible when the debris mix lacks sufficient fine particles. Based on this study, the most critical condition is one characterized by a fine-to-coarse (F/C) ratio of 0.6 and a water content of 20% (by mass).