The coal mining industry in India stands as a critical pillar of the nation’s economic growth. However, this vital sector is fraught with occupational hazards that not only endanger lives but also impact coal production and the overall economic well-being of the nation. This research paper presents a comprehensive analysis of occupational accidents in Indian coal mines, utilizing Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) as a powerful tool for assessing the efficiency of these mining operations in relation to safety practices. The objective of this study is to analyze the occupational accidents that occurred in Indian coal mines from 2000 to 2020 by establishing a relation between different types of accidents and the amount of coal produced in that year. DEA, a non-parametric mathematical approach, is employed to assess the relative efficiency of the mining units in transforming inputs into outputs while factoring in safety practices. In this study, the authors have considered twenty-one years of data as decision-making units (DMU) for observation, with three input parameters such as accident frequency rate per one lakh man-shifts worked (AFR), death rate per thousand persons employed (DR), and serious injury rate per thousand persons employed (SIR), and the total amount of coal production as an output parameter. The results show full efficiency for the year 2020 and ineffectiveness (less than 100%) in the years 2000 to 2019. The sensitivity analysis suggests the required input values to archive effectiveness for the ineffective years.