This article comprehensively addresses the relationship between agricultural production and climate change in the South American region. Through a documentary study with quantitative approach and, historical data are analyzed to assess the impact of greenhouse gas emissions in agriculture and their consequent influence on climate. Correlation, principal component analysis and clustering techniques are used to identify significant patterns and trends. The results obtained provide valuable information on the dynamics of agricultural production and its relationship with climate change, highlighting the importance of adopting sustainable practices to mitigate adverse effects on the environment.