Moral obligations supervene on certain conditions but with exceptions. The warrantsWarrant of moral arguments are paradigm cases of defeasible a prioriBackinga priori warrantsWarrant. They may be backed either by moral intuitionIntuition, moral or by higher level moral principlesMoral principle, higher level. Contrast: “Breaking a promise without justification is wrong” with “An action is right which brings the greatest happiness to the greatest number of people.” The first asserts a judgment about a particular type of action. The second concerns a broad range of actions. Both basic level and higher level principles are cognized by moral intuitionIntuition, moral. Are they then objective? Actions that are existentially necessary for human life are objectively right and states of affairs which are requisite for human life are objectively good. Different defeasible warrantsDefeasible warrant may have different numbers of rebuttalsRebuttal. The plausibilityPlausibility of rebuttalsRebuttal holding can vary. Strength of warrantWarrant is a function both of the number of its rebuttalsRebuttal and of their plausiblityPlausibility. The strength will be sufficient to transfer acceptability from premisesPremise to conclusion just in case none of the plausible relevant variablesRelevant variable either rebuts the warrantWarrant or meets with counterrebuttalsCounterrebuttal, and none of the remaining relevant variablesRelevant variable are plausible.

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Defeasible A Priori Warrants

  • James B. Freeman

摘要

Moral obligations supervene on certain conditions but with exceptions. The warrantsWarrant of moral arguments are paradigm cases of defeasible a prioriBackinga priori warrantsWarrant. They may be backed either by moral intuitionIntuition, moral or by higher level moral principlesMoral principle, higher level. Contrast: “Breaking a promise without justification is wrong” with “An action is right which brings the greatest happiness to the greatest number of people.” The first asserts a judgment about a particular type of action. The second concerns a broad range of actions. Both basic level and higher level principles are cognized by moral intuitionIntuition, moral. Are they then objective? Actions that are existentially necessary for human life are objectively right and states of affairs which are requisite for human life are objectively good. Different defeasible warrantsDefeasible warrant may have different numbers of rebuttalsRebuttal. The plausibilityPlausibility of rebuttalsRebuttal holding can vary. Strength of warrantWarrant is a function both of the number of its rebuttalsRebuttal and of their plausiblityPlausibility. The strength will be sufficient to transfer acceptability from premisesPremise to conclusion just in case none of the plausible relevant variablesRelevant variable either rebuts the warrantWarrant or meets with counterrebuttalsCounterrebuttal, and none of the remaining relevant variablesRelevant variable are plausible.