Support, But Do Not Replace, Human Expertise: A Few Considerations for the Deployment of Machine Learning in Support of Neurodiverse Children and Adolescents

Machine learning and artificial intelligence currently see rapid developments and growth. In this chapter, we discuss some of the implications of the increasing ubiquitousness of resulting algorithms in technology used to support neurodiverse children in various contexts. The focus is less on discussing specific methods, given the rapid pace at which they currently evolve, and more on an attempt to highlight general principles and concerns. We highlight in particular that although algorithmic approaches can support various stakeholders, such as parents, therapists, teachers, and the children themselves, they cannot and should not replace them. More generally, we will distinguish between different uses of algorithms, namely the description of observable data and the interpretationDescriptive vs. interpretative algorithms thereof. We also discuss some of the fundamental challenges, for example in assessing vaguely-defined mental states. Overall, the purpose of this chapter is to create an awareness of the potentials, but also the limitations of machine learning approaches to supporting neurodiverse children in various contexts.