This chapter analyses the role of the internationalisation strategies of global automobile manufacturers in the governance of global supply chains and their impact on the economic and social upgrading of the countries concerned. Through the analysis of the 16 main world carmakers between 2000 and 2017, it characterise two opposed models of internationalisation: the global-centralised model where the internationalisation process is pushed by global platforms and standards conceived and controlled by centralised engineering; and the multi-domestic-decentralised model where the internationalisation process is pulled by the greater autonomy given to international subsidiaries in the design and production of low-cost vehicles for emerging markets. The article shows that the centralised global strategy remains today dominant in the automotive industry, but the successful deployment of the multi-domestic decentralised strategy creates better opportunities for functional and social upgrading in emerging countries.