This chapter focuses on the emergence and development of the electric vehicles industry in China, and seeks to investigate the role played by a key actor involved in any process of industrial transformation: the state. The chapter covers, first, the origins of China’s state-led push for electric vehicles, dwelling on its rationale, motivations, and objectives. Second, the chapter presents the main policies the state has enacted to build the industry, from its beginnings in the 2000s up to the present. Third, after analysing these national-level policies, the chapter sheds a light on the variegated implementation of these policies by local states. Despite China’s great central steering capacity for industrial policy formulation, policy implementation is still heavily dependent on the behaviour of local states. Finally, the chapter concludes summarising key findings and indicating the opportunities and challenges China faces in the near future, especially in relation to technological upgrading and policy implementation.