Search engine bias is a manifestation of the broader societal system, which is interconnected with discriminatory, prejudiced, or biased behaviors of various social groups. This research primarily addresses the issue of manifested gender prejudiced in search engine results. This study focuses on investigating potential variations in nudity ratings across nine EU-27 member states from three culturally varied search engines, namely Google, Yandex, and Baidu. Using three distinct search engines, we successfully gathered a total of one hundred images of individuals of both genders from nine distinct nations that are part of the EU-27. Subsequently, the nudity ratings of the 5400 photos were calculated, and the results were compared using appropriate statistical analysis methods. Based on the data, we can infer that there is a statistically significant disparity in the ratings provided by search engines for the nudity of acquired images. With certain cross-cultural, cross-national, and gender exceptions, the findings demonstrate a statistically significant difference between the search engines regarding the nudity results of the gathered photographs. Google is characterized by its progressive stance as a search engine, while Baidu and Yandex have shown a more conservative orientation.

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Search Engine Gender Bias: Cross Cultural Analysis

  • Barbara Pisker,
  • Kristian Dokic,
  • M. V. Judy

摘要

Search engine bias is a manifestation of the broader societal system, which is interconnected with discriminatory, prejudiced, or biased behaviors of various social groups. This research primarily addresses the issue of manifested gender prejudiced in search engine results. This study focuses on investigating potential variations in nudity ratings across nine EU-27 member states from three culturally varied search engines, namely Google, Yandex, and Baidu. Using three distinct search engines, we successfully gathered a total of one hundred images of individuals of both genders from nine distinct nations that are part of the EU-27. Subsequently, the nudity ratings of the 5400 photos were calculated, and the results were compared using appropriate statistical analysis methods. Based on the data, we can infer that there is a statistically significant disparity in the ratings provided by search engines for the nudity of acquired images. With certain cross-cultural, cross-national, and gender exceptions, the findings demonstrate a statistically significant difference between the search engines regarding the nudity results of the gathered photographs. Google is characterized by its progressive stance as a search engine, while Baidu and Yandex have shown a more conservative orientation.