Beyond the Binary: Sex Verification Testing of Athletes

In the context of justice-centered science education, the ongoing debate surrounding Sex Verification Testing (SVT) in competitive sports offers a critical lens through which to examine the intersection of biology, gender identity, and equity. Historically, SVT began in the 1960s with invasive physical examinations, later shifting to chromosomal testing. By the 1990s, these methods were largely abandoned due to ethical concerns and the recognition of their limitations in defining sex and gender.