Coloration is an important, multifunctional attribute of modern arthropods. The evolution of colors is still poorly understood because of the limited evidence of fossil colors. Key factors of taxonomic processes, such as depth of burial and the extent of hydrothermal alteration and weathering, influence the preservation of pigmentary and structural color. The understanding of these processes is of fundamental importance to paleobiologists who are interested in the evolutionary history of color and its functions (McNamara 2013). The first studies focus on morphological and chemical aspects of color preservation related to cuticular pigments in insects (Fig. 3.1).