This research uses panel data from the nine provinces and areas along the Yellow River from 2019 to 2021 to calculate and assess the efficiency of green logistics under the effect of environmental variables and random noise by building a three-stage SBM-DEA model. The findings demonstrate that environmental factors that significantly impact the effectiveness of green logistics include the degree of urbanization, the amount of regional economic growth, the significance placed by the government on environmental protection, and random noise. The nine provinces and areas along the Yellow River exhibit markedly different levels of green logistics efficiency, with the efficiency of green logistics progressively rising from the upstream to the downstream province. The nine provinces and areas along the Yellow River still have potential for development in terms of pure technological efficiency, and each one has to increase its investment in cutting-edge technologies to produce new quality productivity.