Energy storage technologies are a key force in promoting the transformation of energy structure and low-carbon development, as well as an important means to improve the stability and efficiency of energy systems. Based on the panel data of Chinese industrial listed companies from 2013 to 2022, this study takes the application of new energy storage (NES) as a quasi-natural experiment and employs the staggered difference-in-differences (DID) method to evaluate its influence on the electricity usage efficiency of enterprises. The empirical results show that the NES can significantly improve the electricity consumption efficiency of industrial enterprises, and the promotion effect is more evident in technology and capital-intensive enterprises, as well as enterprises in eastern regions. Additionally, this study explores the potential mechanism from the perspective of power reliability and environmental regulation, showing that higher power reliability levels and environmental regulation intensity are conducive to improving power consumption efficiency by the NES. The results prove the effectiveness of implementing the NES policy from the micro-enterprise level and provide some references for promoting the development of energy storage technologies and industry.