Artificial Intelligence Application in Urban Space in the Light of the EU Data Protection

The purpose of this article is to analyze the smart city concept in the context of the use of artificial intelligence (AI). The analysis is based on a comparison of case studies of successful implementations in this area. The presented solutions are set in a legal context. Cities use AI to improve their residents quality of life and increase the efficiency of city services. The results of this study prove a significant AI role in improving the residents quality of life. However, the employment of AI systems for law enforcement may interfere with people's fundamental rights - most notably, the right to non-discrimination, freedom of expression, human dignity, personal data protection and privacy. This article presents the latest EU Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 laying down harmonized rules on artificial intelligence (O.J. L, 2024/168 of 12.7.2024) - Artificial Intelligence Act. This regulation sets horizontal rules for the development, placement on the market and use of AI systems in the EU following a proportionate risk-based approach. It should be fully applicable in the EU internal market since July 2026.