Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder

Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) is a complex condition that affects auditory function. It is characterized by abnormal neural responses detected by auditory brainstem response testing despite normal outer hair cell function as assessed by autoacoustic emission and cochlear microphonic measures. The terminology surrounding this disorder has evolved, reflecting attempts to capture its diverse etiologies and manifestations. ANSD poses significant challenges in diagnosis and treatment due to its heterogeneous nature, variable clinical presentations, and the need for comprehensive evaluation protocols. This review provides an overview of the terminology development, diagnostic criteria, etiology, pathophysiology, and intervention strategies associated with ANSD, underscoring the urgent need for further research and development.