Eustachian Tube Dysfunction

Eustachian tube (ET) dysfunction, which affects 0.9–5% of the population, presents with symptoms of ear fullness and otophonia. Subtypes include dilative ET dysfunction, baro-challenge-induced dysfunction, and patulous ET (PET). Diagnosis involves clinical evaluation and specialized testing such as tympanometry. Treatments range from nasal decongestants to surgical procedures such as balloon dilatation and ventilation tube placement. Differential diagnosis is critical to distinguish ET dysfunction from other conditions such as temporomandibular joint problems. Individualized evaluation and treatment are essential for the effective management of ET dysfunction.